Based on research from IEEE and other sources, older adults are highly vulnerable to phishing scams due to factors like lower digital literacy, social isolation, and difficulties distinguishing between real and fake online communications. Scammers exploit these vulnerabilities and can cause devastating emotional and financial harm, making it crucial to be aware of current trends and take preventive measures.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a type of internet scam that criminals frequently use. Scammers employ various methods, such as email, text messages, social media, and others, to steal personal information, including financial details and account passwords.
The term “phishing” comes from the idea that these attackers use appealing “bait” to lure individuals to websites where they solicit sensitive information under false pretenses.
It’s important to note that phishing is different from spam. While spam refers to unwanted emails and advertisements, phishing attacks are intentional efforts to steal your information and exploit it for malicious purposes.
Common phishing scams targeting older adults
Grandparent scams: A common fraud where criminals use spoofed numbers (fake caller IDs that appear to be from a known contact) or even AI-cloned voices (computer-generated voices that sound human) to impersonate a grandchild in distress and request emergency money.- Tech support scams: Victims receive pop-up warnings or emails claiming a device is infected with a virus. The scammer poses as a representative from a well-known company like Apple or Google to gain remote access and install spyware.
- Government impersonation: Scammers pretend to be from government agencies, like the Social Security Administration or the IRS, to demand payment or sensitive personal information.
- Romance scams: Criminals create fake online profiles to build trust and an emotional connection with a victim, then exploit that relationship to request money.
- Lottery or sweepstakes scams: A scammer contacts a victim to inform them they have won a prize but must first send money to cover taxes or processing fees.
Protective measures for older adults
- Verify all requests: When receiving an unexpected call, text, or email, independently verify the sender’s identity using a trusted contact method. Never click on links or give out information from an unsolicited message.
- Practice good “cyber hygiene”: Use strong, unique passwords for every account, and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) whenever possible.
- Increase awareness: Family members can help older adults learn to spot red flags like poor grammar, urgent language, or unusual payment requests (such as gift cards, wire transfers, or cryptocurrency).
- Use technology for protection: Install reputable antivirus and anti-phishing software and use a password manager. A VPN can also add an extra layer of security when using public Wi-Fi.
- Secure accounts: Help loved ones secure their accounts by updating passwords and setting up fraud alerts. For individuals with cognitive impairments, freezing credit files with the major bureaus may be an appropriate step.
By taking these steps, older adults can better protect themselves from phishing scams and minimize their risk of becoming victims.
